Midpen’s Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program guides how we care for our preserves by managing plant and animal pests in a way that protects people, wildlife, and the environment. Our work supports healthy ecosystems, safe public access, and reduced fire risk. This work is guided by Midpen’s IPM Guidance Manual, which outlines our science-based, District-wide approach.
For every project, Midpen biologists evaluate site conditions and select methods that are effective while minimizing impacts. We prioritize non-chemical methods whenever possible, including hand removal, cutting, mowing, trapping, and sanitation practices that prevent the spread of pests. When needed, additional tools are used as part of the IPM toolkit, applied carefully and only when they are the right fit. Our approach is adaptive, with ongoing monitoring and adjustments to support long-term stewardship.
Stay informed!
Invasive Species Management
Invasive species are non-native plants or animals that can spread quickly and harm natural ecosystems. Midpen focuses on managing the species that pose the greatest risk to native habitats, especially those that threaten rare plants and wildlife.
We use a strategic, science-based approach to prioritize infestations and select effective, site-specific treatments. This work is guided by our Best Management Practices, which outline how treatments are implemented to reduce impacts and protect sensitive resources. Early detection is also key — observations from staff, volunteers and community members, including through tools like iNaturalist and Calflora, help us respond quickly to new infestations.
Midpen monitors and manages Cal-IPC rated species, including:
- barbed goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis)
- bigleaf periwinkle (Vinca major)
- French broom (Genista monspessulana)
- Fuller's teasel (Dipsacus sativus)
- Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus)
- jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)
- medusahead (Elymus caput-medusae)
- poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)
- purple starthistle (Centaurea calcitrapa)
- slender false-brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum)
- stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens)
- yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)
Current Projects
Shiny geranium (Geranium lucidum) has been detected at Windy Hill Open Space Preserve, representing one of the first known detections of this California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) A-rated noxious weed species in San Mateo County.
Shiny geranium spreads quickly and produces abundant seeds. When a shiny geranium fruit capsule matures, it forcefully splits open, ejecting seeds up to 20 feet away from the parent plant. This forceful ejection allows seeds to travel uphill or even sprout above the ground in trees or on fences and walls. People, pets and vehicles can unintentionally transport the plant’s seeds to new locations.
In the Santa Cruz Mountains, shiny geranium can compete for space, water, sunlight and other resources, potentially altering native ecosystems. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) risk assessments indicate that shiny geranium has the potential to completely dominate the understory of oak woodlands and displace native plants.
Because the population is currently limited in its distribution, Midpen has an opportunity to respond early, before the plant becomes more widespread and difficult to control; Midpen is actively monitoring and managing the shiny geranium population at Windy Hill.

You can help stop the spread of shiny geranium by:
- Uploading photos of plants that may be shiny geranium to iNaturalist or other community science platforms. This can help scientists and land managers like Midpen better understand this plant’s lifecycle, identify new populations and track the plant’s distribution.
- Thoroughly checking and cleaning clothes, hiking boots and pet fur before entering and after leaving the preserve to prevent seeds from being transported to new locations.
- Staying on designated trails in the preserve to avoid contact with areas where shiny geranium has been identified.
- Keeping dogs on leash and on the trail in areas where shiny geranium has been identified. Dogs are required by Midpen ordinances to be on leash at Windy Hill Open Space Preserve.
Learn more about shiny geranium from the California Invasive Plant Council.
Rodenticides
At-home use of rodenticides (pesticides that target rodents) pose a significant threat to wildlife in our preserves and are especially dangerous to predators and scavengers, such as owls, coyotes, mountain lions and bobcats.
Midpen continues to work with other agencies and organizations to limit rodenticides and promote alternative pest control methods. Learn more about our efforts to reduce use of rodenticides in our community.
Sudden Oak Death
Sudden Oak Death is killing oak and tanoak trees throughout coastal California and Oregon. Caused by the water mold Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen spreads with moist winds and by moving infected vegetation and soil, including material accidentally carried by shoes and tires.
To prevent the unintentional spread of Sudden Oak Death, field and construction crews follow “clean practices” when working in infected areas to limit its spread into new areas. You can do your part by staying on trails, cleaning your shoes, pet’s paws and tires both before and after your visit to any preserve. Read more to learn about SOD on Midpen lands.
